{"id":502,"date":"2014-12-12T10:02:47","date_gmt":"2014-12-12T09:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/?page_id=502"},"modified":"2016-05-19T13:41:16","modified_gmt":"2016-05-19T12:41:16","slug":"lautomobile","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/lautomobile\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;automobile"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>L&rsquo;inventeur<\/h3>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-512\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier-300x150.jpg\" alt=\"fardier\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 85vw, 300px\" \/> <strong>Au milieu de ann\u00e9es 1760, Joseph Cugnot (1725 \u2013 1804),<\/strong> ing\u00e9nieur militaire fran\u00e7ais, est tracass\u00e9 par un probl\u00e8me. Les canons sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque port\u00e9s sur d\u2019\u00e9normes chars roulants tir\u00e9s par des chevaux. Mais les chevaux ont besoin de soins et de nourriture, et donc de gens pour s\u2019en occuper et de fournitures. Ces contraintes rendent plus difficiles le d\u00e9placement des arm\u00e9es.<br \/>\n<strong>C\u2019est pour se passer des chevaux que Cugnot imagine d\u2019utiliser une machine \u00e0 vapeur pour faire tourner une roue, comme l\u2019avait fait Denis Papin pour la roue \u00e0 aube d\u2019un bateau au d\u00e9but du si\u00e8cle.<br \/>\n<\/strong>Le fardier de Cugnot, qui voit le jour en 1769, n\u2019a qu\u2019une roue motrice, et pas de freins. Il est donc rapidement endommag\u00e9 dans un accident, qui le voit foncer dans un mur au bas d\u2019une descente. Mais son principe de fonctionnement reste pertinent.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-83\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/ampoule.png\" alt=\"ampoule\" width=\"90\" height=\"92\" \/>Le saviez-vous ?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"encadre-jaune\">Le mot \u00ab automobile \u00bb signifie <strong>\u00ab qui se d\u00e9place soi-m\u00eame \u00bb,<\/strong> c\u2019est \u00e0 dire sans \u00eatre tir\u00e9 ni pouss\u00e9 par un animal. Mais l\u2019engin de Cugnot, anc\u00eatre des automobiles, s\u2019appelle \u00ab fardier \u00bb, c\u2019est \u00e0 dire engin capable de transporter de lourdes charges, des \u00ab fardeaux \u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-84\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/06\/engrenage.png\" alt=\"engrenage\" width=\"80\" height=\"85\" \/>Comment \u00e7a marche ?<\/h3>\n<p><strong> Le principe du Fardier de Cugnot<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-565\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier1.png\" alt=\"fardier1\" width=\"832\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier1.png 832w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier1-300x297.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 832px) 85vw, 832px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-566\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier2.png\" alt=\"fardier2\" width=\"832\" height=\"824\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier2.png 832w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2014\/12\/fardier2-300x297.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 832px) 85vw, 832px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/automobile-frise-temporelle\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1471\" src=\"http:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2016\/05\/bouton-frise.png\" alt=\"bouton-frise\" width=\"250\" height=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L&rsquo;inventeur Au milieu de ann\u00e9es 1760, Joseph Cugnot (1725 \u2013 1804), ing\u00e9nieur militaire fran\u00e7ais, est tracass\u00e9 par un probl\u00e8me. Les canons sont \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque port\u00e9s sur d\u2019\u00e9normes chars roulants tir\u00e9s par des chevaux. Mais les chevaux ont besoin de soins et de nourriture, et donc de gens pour s\u2019en occuper et de fournitures. Ces contraintes &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/lautomobile\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> de &laquo;&nbsp;L&rsquo;automobile&nbsp;&raquo;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[8,2],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=502"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":659,"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/502\/revisions\/659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abcd.abuledu.org\/les-grandes-inventions\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}